The experience of developed countries proves that on the contemporary stage of the development of building industry, heat inputs in our homes can be decreased by 35%. One of the main directions, which gives the possibility to realize energy-saving reserves is warming of protective constructions of houses. But, as this problem includes enough wide spectrum of questions, we shall narrow its confines to to a review of the heat-insulating materials market.
Till recently, glass fibre heaters, mineral fibre heaters an the basis of blast-furnace slag, and polymeric materials were in popular demand; but these materials have a line of drawbacks. First of all, it is the emission of minute glassy dust during mechanical destruction of heat insulation; prickliness of these fibres, law temperature of adaptation(400C), availability that connects which gradually exhales as toxic gases like phenol, formaldehyde and ammonia. That leads to formation of emptiness between the isolated surface and heat-insulated material. moreover glass wool and mineral wool on the basis of blast-furnace slag is a secondary material, as it is produced from the mixture of components of different productions, which include waste, which can assist rotting and corrosion of isolated surface.
These materials are far from necessary ecological cleanness. During the flash of polymeric material more than 75 chemicals, which lead to poisoning and death of people, are formed. Moreover, period of validity of heaters is limited, in 10-15 years they destruct. Basalt heat insulation produced from basalt rock possesses ecological safety, has unlimited period of validity, what excludes emergency repairs. Basalt material has complete incombustibility, ecological and radiation safety with a huge usage range of temperature -300 to +900C, chemical durability, refractoriness, longevity, invitness to isolated surface. This material is also nonhygroscopic, doesn't evolve dangerous substances in all surroundings. Basalt heater on the basis of basalt fibres is a "breathing" heat-insulating material, doesn't corch isolated surfaces up.
Unique properties of basalt-fibre materials make their use universal in different fields of industry, like:
-building
-production of electrical appliances
-power engineering
-cryogenic engineering
-transport
-aviation
-cosmic engineering
Basalt fibres and materials have high heat-insulating and soundproof properties. The advantage of basalt isolation (in comparison with other materials, especially of synthetic origin) is the possibility to unify heat insulation and sound proofing with fire safety
1. Law heat conductivity of super thin basalt staple fibres is determined by their highly developed surface, which creates a great number of micropores, which prevent convection and heat radiation.
2. Resistance of these wares relatively temperature exceeds glassy and mineral fibres. High heat-insulating properties of basalt fibres give the possibility to use them for isolation of various heat aggregates both at high (+700...900C) and cryogenic conditions (from -269C)
3.Low, non-augmentative hygroscopicity (nearly 1%) of basalt fibres provides stability of characteristics during long exploitation ( comparatively: glassy fibres have 10% hydroscopicity)
4.Acid-and alkai-durability is higher than in glassy and mineral fibres
5. Basalt fibre isolation has a high module of acidity owing to only componential structure of initial material.
6.Basalt fibre isolation doesn't burn, limits smoke and fire spreding in enclosed space. Basalt fibre product bears fire, provided preservation of heat-insulated properties for 20min, what exceeds standards of all foreign countries
7. Basalt isolation is stable - it doesn't change its initial properties during all time of exploitation
8. Isolations has peculiar characteristics: durability and corrosion-resistance
9. Biologically stable basalt isolation doesn't create conditions for the microorganism development;doesn't rot; and cannot be destroyed by insects, worms and rodents. Fungus growth on the sample is estimated with point "PRO", what is a particular advantage in building.
10. Basalt fibres are chemically neutral - they do not affect other building materials and are not susceptible to their effect. Especially efficiently to use stablr to aggressive action basalt heaters on animal farms, in building of agricultural placements, whre glassy and mineral fibres ruin.
11.Basalt heaters are natural, inorganic, formed as a result of basalt melting. It is ecologically clean heat insulating material.
Owing to high physicoechnical properties basalt fibres are competitive in comparison with the best traditional heat-insulating materials, which are known in foreign practice.
